AN ANALYSIS OF FINANCING OF ELEMENTARY EDUCATION IN INDIA
ABSTRACT
Education is a basic component of human capital. Efforts have been made to improve the education levels in India ever since planning has been introduced. When these efforts were not very effective in reaching higher levels of education in the country, Sarva Siksha Abhiyan (SSA) was introduced in a mission mode to reach the goal of Universal Elementary Education (UEE). After the introduction of SSA, the funds flow to elementary education has increased considerably. But utilization of these funds is a question to be addressed in order to understand the efficiency of the system. Given the scarcity of resources it is obligatory on the part of the government to improve the efficiency of resources along with improvement in transparency, accountability and ensuring community participation to achieve the goal of UEE. An attempt is being made in the present study to analyze the trends in financing of education and estimate the efficiency of states in public expenditure on elementary education at the macro level and transparency and accountability issues at the micro level.The study is based on both secondary and primary data. Macro level analysis concerning the states in India is based on the secondary data collected from various sources. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is carried out to estimate the efficiency of respective states. Factors influencing the differential efficiencies are estimated with regression analysis. On the other hand micro analysis is based on the survey conducted in three sample districts viz., Udupi, Mysore and Chamarajanagar districts. Transparency and accountability issues at the school level and intra-school variation were analyzed with primary data collected from sample schools.
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Barriers for Women Empowerment in India
ABSTRACT
The present paper is an attempt to analyze the status of women empowerment in India using various indicators like women’s household decision making power, financial autonomy, freedom of movement, political participation, acceptance of unequal gender role, exposure to media, access to education, experience of domestic violence etc based on data from different sources. The study reveals that women of India are relatively disempowered and they enjoy somewhat lower status than that of men in spite of many efforts undertaken by government. Gender gap exists regarding access to education and employment. Household decision making power and freedom of movement of women vary considerably with their age, education and employment status. It is found that acceptance of unequal gender norms by women are still prevailing in the society. More than half of the women believe wife beating to be justified for one reason or the other. Fewer women have final say on how to spend their earnings. Control over cash earnings increases with age, education and with place of residence. Women’s exposure to media is also less relative to men. Rural women are more prone to domestic violence than that of urban women. A large gender gap exists in political participation too. The study concludes by an observation that access to education and employment are only the enabling factors to empowerment, achievement towards the goal, however, depends largely on the attitude of the people towards gender equality.
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ASSERTION OF TRADITIONAL YOGA IN HUMAN HEALTH AND VALUE EDUCATION
ABSTRACT
Ageing changes are of physical, psycho-physiological and biochemical nature. In ageing all aerobic organisms are exposed to oxidative stress and gradually the functioning abilities of almost all organs are reduced. This in fact leads to reduce one's immunity power and as a result overall health related fitness declines. In old age since body does not permit for vigorous activities, one can think of yoga - a healthy lifestyle. The claims of traditional Yoga texts and supportive research evidences indicate that Yoga is a powerful way of life not only to improve one's health related fitness but also show path to live healthy in delaying old age.Value Education is a process of education which involves working on the total personality of the individual keeping in view all aspects of personality development, the intellectual, social and emotional, will and character (Education in Values, N.C.E.R.T., 1992, pp.22- 30). The humane values viz., honesty, tolerance, justice, self-control, compassion, freedom etc enable man for self- control than other animal, so that he cultivates certain ideals, which are available in plenty in our rich cultural heritage. When human values are inculcated through curriculum to transcend cognitive, conative and psychomotor level for conducive development of individual, social, national and international understanding, it is called value education. In fact, Dhyan- yoga and Karma-yoga lead to wisdom and proper spiritual development that makes individuals to understand real values in human.
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HIGHER EDUCATION IN PUNJAB: AN EVALUATIVE STUDY
ABSTRACT
Education is extremely important for the development of a nation. It is entirely unimaginable and totally inconceivable in the contemporary world to think of a society or a nation without education. It is the education which contributes immensely to the growth and development in every sphere of life. Higher education is considered to be the key factor in promoting and accelerating the process of national development. Keeping in view this importance of higher education for individual and nation, the subject has become an important issue of investigation and research for the scholars. Therefore, the topic on Higher Education in Punjab: An Evaluative Study was selected by the researcher for Ph. D degree. The main objectives of the study are : ( i ) To study the main trends in the growth of higher education in the state of Punjab ; ( ii ) To identify the main problems of higher education in the state of Punjab ; and ( iii ) To study the views and perceptions of university teachers towards various aspects of the higher education of Punjab. The study has been conducted with the help of historical descriptive approach. Historical Method has been used to collect factual information about the growth and development of higher education in Punjab. The data is gathered from various sources including the U.G.C. Reports, M.H.R.D. Reports, Census of India Reports, Statistical Abstracts of Punjab of different years, Reports of Public Instruction in Punjab pertaining to various years, Reports on the Progress of Education in Punjab State in various years, Records of Higher Education Department of Punjab for various years and Annual Reports of universities in Punjab and official websites of different universities of Punjab.
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THE STUDY OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DEPRESSION AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMTN IN GRADUATE AND POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS
ABSTRACT
This study was undertaken to find out the relationship between depression and academic achievement among graduate and postgraduate students. This explored to obtain the relationship between levels of depression and academic achievement according to variables of sex, age, marital status, fathers' and mothers' education. Study also aimed to find out the prevalence of depression and its three levels (low, middle and high) according to mentioned variables.To prove these objectives data were collected from 1000 graduate and postgraduate students of Arts faculty in University of Pune and its affiliated colleges in Pune city in academic year 2005 – 2006.Study was used BDI (Beck Depression Inventory) for depression assessment (included three levels) among college students. Study also was used chi-square test to obtain relationship between categorized variables. Furthermore study used correlation coefficient to obtain measure of relationship between the variables.
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